Refractive errors are common eye conditions that affect how the eye focuses light on the retina – the light-sensitive part of our eyes. In order for individuals to achieve clear vision, incoming light rays must accurately converge on the retina within the eye. The cornea and lens play pivotal roles in directing these light rays onto the retina. However, individuals with irregular corneal and lens curvatures may experience refractive errors. They can cause blurred vision and difficulty seeing objects clearly. There are three main types of refractive errors: myopia (near-sightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism.
Myopia, or nearsightedness, is when you can see objects up close clearly, but distant objects appear blurry. This occurs when the eyeball is slightly longer than normal or when the cornea is too curved.
Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is the opposite of myopia. People with hyperopia can see distant objects clearly but struggle to focus on objects up close. It happens when the eyeball is shorter than normal or when the cornea is too flat.
Astigmatism is a refractive error that causes blurred or distorted vision at all distances. It occurs when the cornea or lens has an irregular shape, leading to difficulties in focusing light properly on the retina.
Refractive errors can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination conducted by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. The most common methods of correction include eyeglasses and contact lenses, which help compensate for the eye’s focusing problems. Eyeglasses and contact lenses serve the crucial function of redirecting misaligned light rays entering the eyes, ensuring their accurate convergence directly onto the retina.
In some cases, refractive surgery may be an option. Procedures like Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) or Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) reshape the cornea to improve vision and reduce the need for glasses or contact lenses. It’s important to have regular eye examinations to detect and manage refractive errors effectively. Your eye care professional can recommend the best treatment options based on your specific needs.
